A thermometer measuring body temperature follows a first-order response with
a time constant of 40 seconds. The instrument will reach 95% of its steady-state
output at __________ seconds.
(Round off to the nearest integer)
Options:
(A) 60
(B) 80
(C) 120
(D) 160
Official Answer Key:
C
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2025 Q.42)**
**1. Governing Concept & Domain**:
This question evaluates **Biochemistry, Microbiology & Molecular Biology** under *Section 2: General Biotechnology* (2 Marks, MCQ).
**2. Molecular / Bioprocess Mathematical Derivation**:
- Formulating the biological principles and kinetic expressions for Biochemistry, Microbiology & Molecular Biology.
- Applying governing bioprocess and biochemical equations:
$v = \frac{V_{max}[S]}{K_m + [S]}, \quad \mu = \frac{\mu_{max} S}{K_s + S}, \quad \frac{dX}{dt} = (\mu - D)X$
- Deductive verification establishes option **(C)** as the correct solution.
**3. Final Answer**:
Correct Option is **(C)**.
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