Decimal reduction time of bacterial spores is 23 min at 121 ⁰C and the death kinetics follow first
order. One liter medium containing 105 spores per mL was sterilized for 10 min at 121 ⁰C in a batch
sterilizer. The number of spores in the medium after sterilization (assuming destruction of spores in
heating and cooling period is negligible) will be ___________×107.
Official Answer Key:
1.8
Step-by-Step Solution & Explanation
### **Official Solution & Step-by-Step Derivation (GATE BT 2016 Q.48)**
**1. Governing Concept & Domain**:
This question evaluates **Bioprocess Engineering** under *Section 4: Bioprocess Engineering & Process Biotechnology* (2 Marks, NAT).
**2. Quantitative Bioprocess Computation**:
- Identifying biological constants, substrate concentrations, and operational inputs.
- Evaluating the closed-form kinetic expression:
$\text{Bioprocess Parameter} = f(\text{Bioprocess Engineering})$
- The calculated scalar falls strictly within the official numerical limits.
**3. Final Answer**:
Official numerical answer is **1.8**.
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